What does a sub capital fracture involve?

A subcapital fracture specifically refers to a type of fracture that occurs just below the head of a bone, commonly associated with the femoral neck in the hip region. This age-dependent fracture is characterized by its anatomical location, which is critical in both diagnosis and treatment considerations. The term "subcapital" highlights its proximity to where the head of the bone meets the neck, making it a metaphyseal fracture that is closely related to the physis (growth plate).

The involvement of the metaphysis adjacent to the physis is significant because that area is vital for growth and stability in the bone structure, especially in younger patients. Fractures in this area have implications for both healing and potential long-term complications, such as avascular necrosis or growth disturbances.

In contrast, the other options refer to fractures or anatomical issues in different regions of the body, such as the distal phalanx of the toe, articular cartilage, and the medial epicondyle of the humerus. Each of these areas has its own specific types of injuries and implications, but they do not align with the definition of a subcapital fracture. Understanding the specific location and implications of a subcapital fracture is essential for orthopedic assessments and treatment planning.