What type of cells are mature bone cells found in cortical bone?

Mature bone cells found in cortical bone are known as osteocytes. These cells are primarily responsible for maintaining the bone matrix. Osteocytes originate from osteoblasts, which are the bone-forming cells. Once osteoblasts encase themselves in the bone matrix during the bone development process, they transform into osteocytes.

Osteocytes reside in small cavities called lacunae within the bone and have long, dendritic processes that extend through tiny channels called canaliculi. This network allows them to communicate with each other and with other bone cells, playing a crucial role in the regulation of bone maintenance, health, and remodeling. They respond to mechanical stress and help manage the mineral content of the bone, making them vital for overall bone health.

In contrast, osteoclasts are involved in the resorption of bone, breaking down bone tissue; osteoblasts are the precursor cells that build new bone; and chondrocytes are the cells found in cartilage, which is different from bone tissue. Understanding these roles clarifies why osteocytes are the key mature bone cells in cortical bone.