Which condition refers to a lateral curvature of the spine?

The correct answer is scoliosis, which is specifically characterized by a lateral curvature of the spine. In individuals with scoliosis, the spine may curve to the left or right and can take on an S-shape or C-shape appearance when viewed from the back. This condition can develop during childhood or adolescence and may lead to uneven shoulders, an uneven waist, or other postural changes.

Understanding the correct terminology related to spinal deformities is essential for proper diagnosis and treatment. Kyphosis refers to an exaggerated forward rounding of the back, typically at the thoracic region. Lordosis describes an excessive inward curvature of the lumbar spine. Recurvatum is a term not usually used in this context, but it typically indicates an abnormal backward bending of a part of the body.

Recognizing these distinctions helps in identifying the precise nature of spinal deformities and tailoring appropriate management strategies for patients.