Which region contains calcified cartilage and woven bone during ossification?

The primary spongiosa is the correct answer because it is the initial form of bone tissue that develops during the process of endochondral ossification. This region is characterized by the presence of calcified cartilage, which is essential for the transition from cartilage to bone. As the cartilage matrix calcifies, it provides a framework for the invasion of blood vessels and osteoblasts that lay down woven bone.

This initial formation of woven bone, characterized by its random collagen fiber orientation, eventually provides the scaffolding upon which more structured bone will develop. The primary spongiosa, therefore, serves as a key transitional area during skeletal development, leading to the formation of more organized bone structures.

In contrast, the secondary spongiosa represents a later stage of bone development where mature bone is formed, and the periosteum is a fibrous connective tissue layer surrounding the bone, but it does not directly contain calcified cartilage or woven bone during initial ossification. The synovium is the lining of a joint that produces synovial fluid, playing no direct role in ossification processes.