Which surgical procedure focuses on the internal structure of a joint?

The surgical procedure that focuses on the internal structure of a joint is arthroscopy. This minimally invasive technique uses an arthroscope, a small camera, which allows the surgeon to visualize, diagnose, and sometimes treat issues within a joint. By inserting the arthroscope through small incisions, the surgeon can see the internal structures, such as cartilage, ligaments, and synovial tissue, on a monitor, facilitating accurate diagnosis and targeted treatment of conditions like torn ligaments, removed loose bodies, or damaged cartilage.

In contrast, arthrodesis involves fusing the bones within a joint to eliminate movement and relieve pain, but does not provide insight into the internal structure through visualization. Arthrectomy is a surgical procedure where a joint is opened and parts are removed, but it is not solely focused on viewing or assessing the internal structure. Tenotomy refers to the surgical cutting of a tendon, which does not directly involve viewing or addressing the joint's internal structures. Thus, arthroscopy is the procedure specifically designed for visualization and intervention within the joint itself.